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Common questions about barrier methods
Condoms
Are condoms effective against HIV and other STIs?
Yes they decrease your risk of all STIs and HIV, but only if they are used consistently and properly.
How are condoms tested?
There are a range of tests performed by both regulatory agencies and the condom manufacturers. These include electronic testing, the water leak test, the air burst test and the strength test.
How can I check a condom is safe to use?
Check that the use-by date has not expired and that they have been stored properly. All condoms sold in Australia will have a batch number, which indicates that they meet proper standards.
How often do condoms fail?
Studies have shown that when condoms are used correctly, they can be 98% effective.
If female condoms are used properly, they are 95% effective.
How much protection do condoms give against pregnancy? If a condom breaks what are the risks of pregnancy?
When used properly (i.e. the condom doesn't split or burst), they can be very effective in preventing both pregnancy and STIs. If a condom breaks and no other form of contraception such as the contraceptive pill is used, then there is a risk that a woman may become pregnant, so you should consider using emergency contraception. There is also a higher risk of contracting a STI if the condom breaks.
Is it possible to get different sizes of condoms?
Condoms are made in different lengths and widths, and different manufacturers produce varying sizes. There is no standard length for condoms, though those made from latex should in addition always stretch if necessary to fit the length of the man's erect penis.
The width of a condom can also vary. Some condoms have a slightly smaller width to give a "closer" fit, whereas others will be slightly larger.
Is using two condoms better than one in avoiding pregnancy?
Using two condoms at the same time - either two male condoms or a male and female condom - is not a good idea as the friction may result in one or both of the condoms tearing. If you want to take extra precautions against pregnancy when having sex, and are concerned about the possibility of a condom breaking it is better to use an additional form of contraception. For example, using a contraceptive pill as well as a condom will ensure that you both have double protection against pregnancy as well as protection against STIs.
Can you use a condom under water?
If you are going to use a condom under water it is important that you put the condom on before you get into the water. Also, if the water contains chemicals such as chlorine, or additives such as soap, bath oil or bubble bath then this may affect the latex.
What is the best way to get condoms?
You can buy condoms from chemists and supermarkets. You can also get them from family planning clinics and some doctors.
Does using a male or female condom make sex less pleasurable?
Some people find that condoms interfere with spontaneity and sensation, but they can be fun to use once you have got used to how they need to be put on.
Are female condoms harder to use than male condoms?
As with most barrier methods, it can take a bit of practice to use this method correctly. As long as you are clear on how to use them, you should get the hang of it.
If I use a female condom, will there be a lot of mess?
Female condoms work in a similar way to the male condom, the sheath works by containing the sperm when the male ejaculates. They are therefore not messy to use if used correctly.
Diaphragm and cervical cap plus spermicide
What happens if I accidentally swallow some spermicide?
Most spermicides have an unpleasant taste but will not usually harm you or make you feel ill, however it is advisable to avoid swallowing excessive amounts. If you are concerned about feeling ill following swallowing some spermicide, you should seek the advice of a healthcare professional.
How does a spermicide work?
Spermicides contain substances that kill sperm. Some products also form a thick foam or mucus which blocks the cervix and acts as a barrier against the sperm. They can come in the form of foam, foaming tablets, pessaries, creams, jellies and sponges. Spermicides are not effective enough when used alone, and should be used in combination with barrier methods such as the diaphragm or cap.
How is a diaphragm fitted?
A pelvic examination by a skilled healthcare professional is required for fitting diaphragms. Fitting rings are produced by diaphragm manufacturers in various sizes and with different rim types. Sizes range from 50 to 105 mm. They are most commonly available in flat spring or coil spring rim types. Diaphragms between 60 -85 mm in diameter will provide the correct fit for most women. Initially the fitting ring size is estimated by clinical assessment of the vaginal length. Smaller or larger sizes are then inserted until the correct fit is achieved. It is important that each individual is fitted with the type of rim that she will ultimately use as the rim type can affect fit and ease of insertion. It should fit snugly into the upper half of the vagina. The user should practice insertion under supervision and placement should be inspected to ensure that the fitting ring is correctly positioned in the vagina. Fitting is best done when the bladder is not empty so that the user can test to ensure that urination is easily accomplished with the selected fitting ring in place. The diaphragm may require resizing following a full-term pregnancy, pelvic surgery, or abortion, or if there is a major change in weight.
How is a cap fitted?
A pelvic examination must be performed by a healthcare professional to ascertain the position and size of the uterus and cervix. Two or more cervical cap sizes should be tried to achieve the optimal fit. A cervical cap that fits too tightly can cause trauma to the cervix, and one that fits too loosely will be more likely to become dislodged or to not form a secure seal. When fitted properly, a vacuum is created and the cervical cap cannot turn.
Can a diaphragm get lost or stuck inside my body?
There is no reason for the diaphragm to get lost or stuck inside your body. A diaphragm will be specifically fitted by a healthcare professional to ensure it fits and can be used effectively by you. If you are having a diaphragm fitted, you should practice insertion, placement and removal with the healthcare professional. The diaphragm should also be checked every six months by a healthcare professional to make sure it still fits properly.
Do I remove the diaphragm immediately after sex?
A diaphragm should be removed no sooner than 6 hours after intercourse and can be left in place for up to 24 hours after intercourse. If using spermicide, add more with subsequent acts of intercourse. If more spermicide is required it should be placed in the vagina and the diaphragm should be left in place.
What happens if I want to have sex spontaneously?
The diaphragm can be inserted immediately before or up to 6 hours before intercourse. Some people do find that this might interfere with spontaneity.
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